I have resolved the problem:
1 .. Remove the garmin_gps module
2 .. Add /etc/udev/rules.d/51-garmin.rules with the following contents:
SYSFS{idVendor}=="091e", SYSFS{idProduct}=="0003", MODE="666", GROUP="plugdev"
The latter allows the USB devices to be read and written by a non-privileged user.
Ref:
http://www.gpsbabel.org/os/Linux_Hotplug.htmlI also note that qlandkartegt does not in fact use /dev/ttyUSB0. There is no need to enter anything in the "Serial" window in the setup. Without the garmin_gps module, /dev/ttyUSB0 is not created, so I don't know what qlandkartegt uses.
Thank you doktor5000 for your help.