Thanks a lot for the detailed instructions and great advice djennings!

Ironically, the setup procedure is exactly how I thought it would be, and also what I started to do a couple of months ago, but as a Linux newbie I just didn't trust my initial instincts...
Anyway, it seems like I've finally got it up and running on my system, and so far, it looks very promising. Not that performance was bad from the SSD, but with profile-sync-daemon enabled, Opera's startup dialogue pops up instantly, and 10+ tabs loads with blazing speed!
As for the mentioned caveat, I don't use Opera's Mail Client, and I also try to avoid other functionality which can have a negative effect on browser performance and bloat the profile, so I think I should be fine in that regard.
djennings wrote:I also checked out disabling the disc cache in Opera which is trivially easy to do in the opera configuration settings, so I am not convinced that psd is necessary to reduce SSD wear for Opera.e
Similarly disabling the firefox disc cache is quite easy as described in the link posted earlier, so I am not yet convinced that profile-sync-daemon is doing anything useful.
I don't have any data to back up the claims myself, but according to several posts on the My Opera Forum, including one from an Opera employee, the "disc cache off" setting does little or nothing to reduce disc writes from Opera. Apparently it was "implemented more for testing on devices than for other reasons"
