After admitting defeat at trying to get a Realtek-based USB dongle to work properly with 32-bit Mageia 2, I bought a Dell 0CU690 PCI card on eBay. Essentially a re-branded Asus WL 138G V2, it uses the BCM4318 chip, which I had used successfully with Mageia 2 on another computer.
The computer I'm using, a Dell Dimension E310, currently has two installs of Mageia 2 on it, one on each hard drive. With one of them, I used b43-fwcutter and the reverse-engineered b43 driver, as outlined on http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/b43. This worked excellently, showing a consistent "link level" of 100.
I tried something else on the other install, the Mageia b43-openfwwf package and the open-source driver included in the kernel. This one worked too, but not quite as well as the first one, showing a link level that varied from 84-88. Back to the other install, and the link level is back to 100 again.
I'll leave it to more experienced users than me to draw conclusions from this, but for my part I'll continue to use the b43 driver.