OK, I somehow solved the problem after hours of headache.
After gathering bits and pieces from various places, I went into runlevel 3 by running
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systemctl set-default multi-user.target
and started drakx11. I selected another nvidia option instead of the "GeForce 420 series" and installed it. (in drakx you can't select an option using enter key, but you highlight your option and press tab to go to OK and press the enter key, which is different to what I was used to expect).
then back to runlevel 5 by running
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systemctl set-default graphical.target
Instead of driver version 410.78 I ended up with 390-87.
When I booted into DE, I used MCC to select "GeForce 420 series" and see if I end up with the latest driver. Instead, I ended up with the login screen going into an endless loop every time I entered the user password. After a few more hours of searching, I finally entered root as user and entered the DE. Suspecting this is odd, I went into user's home folder (not root's home folder!) and entered
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ls -lah
which revealed that .Xauthority was now owned by root. This was solved by
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chown user:user .Xauthority
I hope that this will save someone from a similar situation.
I suspect that somehow the update problems were caused by kernel 4.18, as (maybe unrelated?) virtualbox was also broken because of this, as currently there is not an appropriate virtualbox driver for a kernel version higher than 4.14. The dkms-nvidia-current packages are still shown as available updates, but I wonder if letting them install would be a wise decision.